During combustion of samples like Coal, Coke, Biomass and Refuse derived fuel, the remaining non-combustible material becomes ash or liquid slag. Ash Fusion Analyzers are used to determine ash cone deformation temperatures. The ash cones change shape in response to increasing heat. Temperatures are recorded for different stages in the shape changes, which, in order of increasing heat, are called : Initial deformation temperature (IT), Softening temperature (ST), Hemispherical Temperature (HT) and Fluid Temperature (FT). The behaviour of the Ash residue at high temperatures is a critical factor in selecting the suitable fuel for boilers and furnaces.

Ash Fusion temperature is measured at 4 points or stages of heating, by observation of the behaviour of triangular Pyramids, Cones, Cylinders prepared from ash when heated at a specific rate in a controlled atmosphere.

The Ash Fusion Analyzer determines the behaviour of fuel ash in combustion, gasification, liquefaction and ash utilization. The characteristics of fuel ash for its tendency to slag and foul have been traditionally related to the bulk chemistry of the ash and ash fusion temperatures. It can cause slagging or clogging problems on combustion chamber and pipe surfaces and decline heat transfer efficiency. It is said that the operating temperature should be below the fluid temperature (FT). Thus, it is necessary to study the Ash Fusion Analyzer not only theoretically, but also for practical application.

The Higher the fusion temperatures of the fuel-ash, the lower the tendency of the ash to slag in the combustion chamber of boilers.

Ash Fusion temperatures are often cited in fuel specifications for boilers, because they are believed to be a measure of the tendency of Coal Ash to form clinkers.

Ash Fusibility Determination	Automatic
Fusion Points	IT (Initial deformation Temperature), ST (Softening Temperature), HT (Hemisphere Temperature) & FT (Fluid/Flow Temperature)
Maximum Samples per Analysis	Up to 6 samples can be analysed in each batch.
Test Method	IF2000G-HDC complies with ISO 540, ASTM D 1857, CEN/TS 15370-1, CEN/TR 15404.
Analysis Time	3 runs per working day
Capable to Analyse	Cube Cylinder, Truncated Pyramid and Upright Pyramid
Analysis atmosphere	Oxidizing Atmosphere/Reducing atmosphere
Sample shape identification	Pyramid, Truncated Cone, Pyramid, Cylinder and Truncated Pyramids are Automatically Identify
Operating Furnace Temperature Range	up to 1600 deg C
Maximum Furnace Temperature Range	up to 1600 deg C
Temperature Ramp Rate	Programmable 1 deg C to 12 deg C per minute
Heating elements	Silicon carbide
Operating Condition	15 deg C to 35 deg C 20% to 80%, non-condensing.
Safety	Integrated CO monitor with auditory alarm, gas flow stops on alarm

Ash Fusibility Determination	Automatic
Fusion Points	IT (Initial Deformation Temperature), ST (Softening Temperature), HT (Hemisphere Temperature) & FT (Fluid/Flow Temperature)
Maximum Samples per Analysis	Up to 6 samples can be analysed in each batch.
Test Method	IF2000G-HD/IF2000G-HDBM complies with ISO 540, ASTM D 1857, CEN/TS 15370-1, CEN/TR 15404.
Analysis Time	3 runs per working day
Capable to Analyse	Cylinder, Cube, Pyramid, Truncated Pyramid Upright Pyramid
Analysis atmosphere	Oxidizing Atmosphere/Reducing atmosphere
Sample shape identification	Automatic, Pyramid, Truncated Cone, Pyramid and Cylinder
Temperature range	up to 17050 deg C
Maximum Furnace Temperature	up to 1600 deg C
Temperature Ramp Rate	programmable 1 deg C to 12 deg C per minute
Heating elements	Lanthanum Chromite
Operating Condition	15 deg C to 35 deg C 20% to 80%, non-condensing.
Safety	Integrated CO monitor with auditory alarm, gas flow stops on alarm